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Acts 25
A new governor, Festus, inherits Paul's two-year-old case. The Jerusalem leaders ask him to move the trial north, hoping to ambush Paul on the road; Festus keeps proceedings in Caesarea instead. Cornered into a choice between an unfair venue and the leaders' demands, Paul plays his citizen's card: he appeals to Caesar, and Festus rules that to Caesar he will go. Watch the second half shift from courtroom to briefing room. Festus, baffled by a dispute over "one Jesus, who was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive," stages a hearing before King Agrippa and Bernice mainly because he has nothing coherent to write to Rome about his prisoner.
- 1
Festus therefore, having come into the province, after three days went up to Jerusalem from Caesarea.
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Then the high priest and the principal men of the Jews informed him against Paul, and they begged him,
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asking a favor against him, that he would summon him to Jerusalem, plotting to kill him on the way.
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However Festus answered that Paul should be kept in custody at Caesarea, and that he himself was about to depart shortly.
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“Let them therefore”, he said, “that are in power among you go down with me, and if there is anything wrong in the man, let them accuse him.”
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When he had stayed among them more than ten days, he went down to Caesarea, and on the next day he sat on the judgment seat, and commanded Paul to be brought.
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When he had come, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing against him many and grievous charges which they could not prove,
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while he said in his defense, “Neither against the law of the Jews, nor against the temple, nor against Caesar, have I sinned at all.”
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But Festus, desiring to gain favor with the Jews, answered Paul and said, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem and be judged by me there concerning these things?”
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But Paul said, “I am standing before Caesar’s judgment seat, where I ought to be tried. I have done no wrong to the Jews, as you also know very well.
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For if I have done wrong and have committed anything worthy of death, I don’t refuse to die; but if none of those things is true that they accuse me of, no one can give me up to them. I appeal to Caesar!”
- 12
Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, “You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you shall go.”
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Now when some days had passed, King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea and greeted Festus.
- 14
As he stayed there many days, Festus laid Paul’s case before the king, saying, “There is a certain man left a prisoner by Felix;
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about whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, asking for a sentence against him.
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I answered them that it is not the custom of the Romans to give up any man to destruction before the accused has met the accusers face to face and has had opportunity to make his defense concerning the matter laid against him.
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When therefore they had come together here, I didn’t delay, but on the next day sat on the judgment seat and commanded the man to be brought.
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When the accusers stood up, they brought no charges against him of such things as I supposed;
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but had certain questions against him about their own religion and about one Jesus, who was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
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Being perplexed how to inquire concerning these things, I asked whether he was willing to go to Jerusalem and there be judged concerning these matters.
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But when Paul had appealed to be kept for the decision of the emperor, I commanded him to be kept until I could send him to Caesar.”
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Agrippa said to Festus, “I also would like to hear the man myself.” “Tomorrow,” he said, “you shall hear him.”
- 23
So on the next day, when Agrippa and Bernice had come with great pomp, and they had entered into the place of hearing with the commanding officers and the principal men of the city, at the command of Festus, Paul was brought in.
- 24
Festus said, “King Agrippa, and all men who are here present with us, you see this man about whom all the multitude of the Jews petitioned me, both at Jerusalem and here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.
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But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and as he himself appealed to the emperor, I determined to send him,
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of whom I have no certain thing to write to my lord. Therefore I have brought him out before you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, that, after examination I may have something to write.
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For it seems to me unreasonable, in sending a prisoner, not to also specify the charges against him.”
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Portanto, Festo, tendo chegado à província, após três dias subiu de Cesareia para Jerusalém.
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Então o sumo sacerdote e os principais dos judeus apresentaram-lhe acusações contra Paulo, e lhe suplicaram,
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pedindo um favor contra ele: que o mandasse trazer a Jerusalém, tramando matá-lo no caminho.
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Festo, porém, respondeu que Paulo deveria ser mantido sob custódia em Cesareia, e que ele mesmo estava para partir em breve.
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“Portanto”, disse ele, “os que têm autoridade entre vocês desçam comigo e, se há algo de errado neste homem, que o acusem.”
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Quando ele havia permanecido entre eles mais de dez dias, desceu a Cesareia e, no dia seguinte, sentou-se no tribunal e ordenou que Paulo fosse trazido.
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Quando ele chegou, os judeus que haviam descido de Jerusalém o rodearam, trazendo contra ele muitas e graves acusações, as quais não podiam provar,
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enquanto ele dizia em sua defesa: “Nem contra a lei dos judeus, nem contra o templo, nem contra César, pequei em coisa alguma.”
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Mas Festo, desejando obter o favor dos judeus, respondeu a Paulo e disse: “Você está disposto a subir a Jerusalém e ser julgado por mim lá a respeito destas coisas?”
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Mas Paulo disse: “Estou perante o tribunal de César, onde devo ser julgado. Não fiz nenhum mal aos judeus, como você também sabe muito bem.
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Pois, se fiz algum mal e cometi algo digno de morte, não me recuso a morrer; mas, se não é verdade nenhuma dessas coisas das quais me acusam, ninguém pode me entregar a eles. Apelo para César!”
- 12
Então Festo, tendo conferenciado com o conselho, respondeu: “Você apelou para César. Para César você irá.”
- 13
Passados alguns dias, o rei Agripa e Berenice chegaram a Cesareia e saudaram Festo.
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Como ele permaneceu lá muitos dias, Festo expôs o caso de Paulo ao rei, dizendo: “Há um certo homem que foi deixado prisioneiro por Félix;
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a respeito de quem, quando eu estava em Jerusalém, os principais sacerdotes e os anciãos dos judeus me informaram, pedindo uma sentença contra ele.
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Eu lhes respondi que não é costume dos romanos entregar homem algum à destruição antes que o acusado se encontre face a face com os acusadores e tenha a oportunidade de fazer a sua defesa a respeito da acusação apresentada contra ele.
- 17
Portanto, quando eles se reuniram aqui, não demorei; mas, no dia seguinte, sentei-me no tribunal e ordenei que o homem fosse trazido.
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Quando os acusadores se levantaram, não trouxeram contra ele nenhuma acusação das coisas que eu supunha;
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mas tinham contra ele certas questões sobre a sua própria religião e sobre um certo Jesus, que estava morto, o qual Paulo afirmava estar vivo.
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Estando perplexo sobre como investigar estas coisas, perguntei se ele estava disposto a ir a Jerusalém e lá ser julgado a respeito destas questões.
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Mas, como Paulo apelou para ser mantido sob custódia para a decisão do imperador, ordenei que ele fosse guardado até que eu pudesse enviá-lo a César.”
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Agripa disse a Festo: “Eu mesmo também gostaria de ouvir o homem.” “Amanhã”, disse ele, “você o ouvirá.”
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Portanto, no dia seguinte, quando Agripa e Berenice chegaram com grande pompa e entraram no local de audiência com os comandantes e os homens principais da cidade, por ordem de Festo, Paulo foi trazido.
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Festo disse: “Rei Agripa, e todos os homens que estão aqui presentes conosco, vocês veem este homem a respeito de quem toda a multidão dos judeus me fez petições, tanto em Jerusalém quanto aqui, clamando que ele não deve mais viver.
- 25
Mas, quando descobri que ele não havia cometido nada digno de morte, e como ele mesmo apelou ao imperador, decidi enviá-lo,
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a respeito de quem não tenho nada de concreto para escrever ao meu senhor. Portanto, eu o trouxe perante vocês, e especialmente perante você, rei Agripa, para que, após o interrogatório, eu tenha algo para escrever.
- 27
Pois me parece irracional, ao enviar um prisioneiro, não especificar também as acusações contra ele.”
A governor with nothing to write
The chapter turns on Roman procedure, not theology. Festus concedes Paul "had committed nothing worthy of death" (v.25), yet the appeal he granted now obligates him to forward a prisoner upriver. His admission that it seems "unreasonable" to send a prisoner without specifying charges sets up the next chapter: Agrippa is invited not as judge but as an expert who might help draft the letter.
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