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Leviticus 21

Holiness turns inward here: the same purity rules that governed all Israel now bind the priests more tightly. A priest may mourn only his closest blood kin, must marry within strict limits, and may not gash his skin or shave his beard's edges in grief. The high priest is held tighter still — he may not even bury his own father or mother. Watch how the chapter climbs a ladder of access. Ordinary priests, then the anointed high priest, then a separate list of bodily defects that bar a son of Aaron from the altar though not from eating the holy bread.

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Leviticus 21 (WEB)
  1. 1

    The LORD said to Moses, “Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them, ‘A priest shall not defile himself for the dead among his people,

  2. 2

    except for his relatives that are near to him: for his mother, for his father, for his son, for his daughter, for his brother,

  3. 3

    and for his virgin sister who is near to him, who has had no husband; for her he may defile himself.

  4. 4

    He shall not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself.

  5. 5

    “‘They shall not shave their heads or shave off the corners of their beards or make any cuttings in their flesh.

  6. 6

    They shall be holy to their God, and not profane the name of their God, for they offer the offerings of the LORD made by fire, the bread of their God. Therefore they shall be holy.

  7. 7

    “‘They shall not marry a woman who is a prostitute, or profane. A priest shall not marry a woman divorced from her husband; for he is holy to his God.

  8. 8

    Therefore you shall sanctify him, for he offers the bread of your God. He shall be holy to you, for I the LORD, who sanctify you, am holy.

  9. 9

    “‘The daughter of any priest, if she profanes herself by playing the prostitute, she profanes her father. She shall be burned with fire.

  10. 10

    “‘He who is the high priest among his brothers, upon whose head the anointing oil is poured, and who is consecrated to put on the garments, shall not let the hair of his head hang loose, or tear his clothes.

  11. 11

    He must not go in to any dead body, or defile himself for his father or for his mother.

  12. 12

    He shall not go out of the sanctuary, nor profane the sanctuary of his God; for the crown of the anointing oil of his God is upon him. I am the LORD.

  13. 13

    “‘He shall take a wife in her virginity.

  14. 14

    He shall not marry a widow, or one divorced, or a woman who has been defiled, or a prostitute. He shall take a virgin of his own people as a wife.

  15. 15

    He shall not profane his offspring among his people, for I am the LORD who sanctifies him.’”

  16. 16

    The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

  17. 17

    “Say to Aaron, ‘None of your offspring throughout their generations who has a defect may approach to offer the bread of his God.

  18. 18

    For whatever man he is that has a defect, he shall not draw near: a blind man, or a lame, or he who has a flat nose, or any deformity,

  19. 19

    or a man who has an injured foot, or an injured hand,

  20. 20

    or hunchbacked, or a dwarf, or one who has a defect in his eye, or an itching disease, or scabs, or who has damaged testicles.

  21. 21

    No man of the offspring of Aaron the priest who has a defect shall come near to offer the offerings of the LORD made by fire. Since he has a defect, he shall not come near to offer the bread of his God.

  22. 22

    He shall eat the bread of his God, both of the most holy, and of the holy.

  23. 23

    He shall not come near to the veil, nor come near to the altar, because he has a defect; that he may not profane my sanctuaries, for I am the LORD who sanctifies them.’”

  24. 24

    So Moses spoke to Aaron, and to his sons, and to all the children of Israel.

Barred from the altar, fed at the table

The defect list (vv. 18-20) is jarring to modern ears, yet its logic is spatial, not moral: what serves the altar must match the unblemished animals it receives. A priest with a defect still belongs — he eats the most holy food (v. 22) — but he may not approach the veil.

The point is symmetry between offerer and offering, the same standard Leviticus 22 will apply to the animals themselves.

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