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1 Timothy 3

Paul lays out who may lead the assembly. An overseer must be above reproach, self-controlled, hospitable, able to teach, and someone who already manages his own household well, on the logic that home rule predicts church care. A parallel list follows for servants and their wives, both tested before they serve. Paul says he writes so Timothy knows how people ought to behave in God's house, then closes with a compact hymn on the mystery of godliness.

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1 Timothy 3 (WEB)
  1. 1

    This is a faithful saying: someone who seeks to be an overseer desires a good work.

  2. 2

    The overseer therefore must be without reproach, the husband of one wife, temperate, sensible, modest, hospitable, good at teaching;

  3. 3

    not a drinker, not violent, not greedy for money, but gentle, not quarrelsome, not covetous;

  4. 4

    one who rules his own house well, having children in subjection with all reverence;

  5. 5

    (for how could someone who doesn’t know how to rule his own house take care of God’s assembly?)

  6. 6

    not a new convert, lest being puffed up he fall into the same condemnation as the devil.

  7. 7

    Moreover he must have good testimony from those who are outside, to avoid falling into reproach and the snare of the devil.

  8. 8

    Servants, in the same way, must be reverent, not double-tongued, not addicted to much wine, not greedy for money,

  9. 9

    holding the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience.

  10. 10

    Let them also first be tested; then let them serve if they are blameless.

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    Their wives in the same way must be reverent, not slanderers, temperate, and faithful in all things.

  12. 12

    Let servants be husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well.

  13. 13

    For those who have served well gain for themselves a good standing and great boldness in the faith which is in Christ Jesus.

  14. 14

    These things I write to you, hoping to come to you shortly,

  15. 15

    but if I wait long, that you may know how men ought to behave themselves in God’s house, which is the assembly of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.

  16. 16

    Without controversy, the mystery of godliness is great: God was revealed in the flesh, justified in the spirit, seen by angels, preached among the nations, believed on in the world, and received up in glory.

Character before role, and a hymn at the end

Nearly every qualification names conduct, not talent: not a drinker, not violent, not greedy, gentle. The one skill required is being good at teaching. A new convert is excluded specifically to avoid the pride that condemned the devil.

Verse 16 shifts register entirely into rhythmic lines: revealed in the flesh, seen by angels, preached among the nations, received up in glory. The leadership manual is anchored to the figure those leaders serve.

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