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Psalms 99

An enthronement psalm that opens with the peoples trembling: the LORD reigns from between the cherubim and is "great in Zion" (vv. 1-3). Three times it insists "He is Holy," turning the refrain into the spine of the whole poem (vv. 3, 5, 9). Then it does something unusual for a hymn this exalted: it names Moses, Aaron, and Samuel as people who called and were answered (v. 6).

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Psalms 99 (WEB)
  1. 1

    The LORD reigns! Let the peoples tremble. He sits enthroned among the cherubim. Let the earth be moved.

  2. 2

    The LORD is great in Zion. He is high above all the peoples.

  3. 3

    Let them praise your great and awesome name. He is Holy!

  4. 4

    The King’s strength also loves justice. You establish equity. You execute justice and righteousness in Jacob.

  5. 5

    Exalt the LORD our God. Worship at his footstool. He is Holy!

  6. 6

    Moses and Aaron were among his priests, Samuel was among those who call on his name. They called on the LORD, and he answered them.

  7. 7

    He spoke to them in the pillar of cloud. They kept his testimonies, the statute that he gave them.

  8. 8

    You answered them, LORD our God. You are a God who forgave them, although you took vengeance for their doings.

  9. 9

    Exalt the LORD, our God. Worship at his holy hill, for the LORD, our God, is holy!

The holiness refrain as structure

The three declarations of holiness split the psalm into movements. The first two close with calls to worship at God's "footstool" (v. 5); the last lands at his "holy hill" (v. 9), tying holiness directly to Zion.

Verse 8 holds the tension of the book: God "forgave them" yet still "took vengeance for their doings" — mercy and accountability in one breath.

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